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Plants & CreaturesGreekEnglish

Coral

/ˈkɔːrəl/noun

The hard skeleton built up by colonies of marine polyps, and the animals themselves.

The Greek roots

κοράλλιον
korállion
red coral

Literally: red sea-stone

The story of the word

κοράλλιον named the red Mediterranean coral that was cut for beads and hung on children as an amulet. The word looks like a loan into Greek, possibly Semitic, and its ancestry has never been settled. Latin corallium and Old French coral brought it to English around 1300. Ovid explains the stuff as seaweed hardened by blood dripping from the Gorgon's head, which at least accounts for the colour.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → Old French → English
First recorded
14th century

The same roots elsewhere

Other languages reached for exactly the same Greek pieces.

In a sentence

The coral bleached white in a single hot summer and has not come back.

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