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Sapphire

/ˈsæfaɪər/noun

A hard, usually deep blue gem, a form of corundum.

The Greek roots

σάπφειρος
sáppheiros
blue stone

Literally: blue stone

The story of the word

The Greek word probably names lapis lazuli rather than our sapphire, and Greek probably took it from a Semitic source; compare Hebrew sappir. Some push it back further, to Sanskrit śanipriya, dear to Saturn. Theophrastus describes the stone as speckled with gold, which fits lapis and its flecks of pyrite and rules out blue corundum entirely.

How it travelled
Semitic → Ancient Greek → Latin → Old French → English
First recorded
c. 1300

In a sentence

The ring held a single dark sapphire and nothing else.

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