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Ptolemaic

/ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪɪk/adjective

Belonging either to the Greek dynasty that ruled Egypt or to the earth-centred astronomy of Ptolemy of Alexandria.

The Greek roots

Πτολεμαῖος
Ptolemaîos
Ptolemy, warlike one

Literally: of Ptolemy, the warlike

The story of the word

Two different Ptolemies hide inside this adjective. The dynasty that held Egypt from Alexander's death to Cleopatra descends from Ptolemy son of Lagus; Claudius Ptolemaeus, who worked in Alexandria three centuries later, was no relation to them at all. The name itself is Macedonian and martial, built on πτόλεμος, the epic form of the word for war, so the model of a motionless earth is filed under a word meaning fighter.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → English
First recorded
17th century

Same family

polemicpolemical

In a sentence

Copernicus was still using Ptolemaic epicycles to make his own model fit the observations.

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