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Art & MusicGreekEnglish

Polyphony

/pəˈlɪfəni/noun

Music in which several independent melodic lines sound at once.

The Greek roots

πολύς
polýs
many, much
+
φωνή
phōnḗ
voice, sound

Literally: many voices

The story of the word

In Greek πολυφωνία meant a babble, a confusion of noises, and could be thrown at someone as an insult about talking too much. The musical sense describes something the Greeks did not write: their music was overwhelmingly a single line, doubled at the octave when men and boys sang together. Western polyphony grew out of ninth-century organum, one voice moving against a plainchant, and by Josquin's generation it had become the ordinary speech of church music. Bakhtin later stole the word for the novel, meaning a book where characters argue with their author.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → English
First recorded
19th century

The same roots elsewhere

Other languages reached for exactly the same Greek pieces.

Same family

symphonycacophonytelephonepolygon

In a sentence

Four lines of polyphony and you stop hearing the words entirely, which is what the Council of Trent complained about.

Built on the same root

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