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Gnomon

/ˈnoʊmɒn/noun

The rod or triangular plate of a sundial, whose shadow marks the hour.

The Greek roots

γνώμων
gnṓmōn
one who knows, indicator
+
γιγνώσκω
gignṓskō
to know, perceive

Literally: the knower

The story of the word

Herodotus says plainly that the Greeks took the gnomon and the twelve-part day from the Babylonians, one of the few times a Greek writer admits borrowing outright. Euclid uses the same word for a different indicator, the L-shaped piece left when a square is cut from the corner of a bigger square. To work properly the rod must be tilted to the local latitude and pointed at the celestial pole, so a sundial carried north or south stops telling the truth.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → English
First recorded
16th century

Same family

diagnosisprognosisagnosticphysiognomy

In a sentence

The garden dial reads an hour fast in summer because nobody told the gnomon about daylight saving.

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