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Politics & SocietyGreekEnglish

Ethnography

/ɛθˈnɒɡrəfi/noun

The close description of a living community, written from long firsthand observation.

The Greek roots

ἔθνος
éthnos
people, nation
+
-γραφία
-graphía
writing, description

Literally: writing about peoples

The story of the word

ἔθνος was looser than nation. Homer uses it of a body of companions, a swarm of bees, a crowd of the dead. Scholars in eighteenth-century Göttingen pressed it into service for the systematic description of peoples, and Ethnographie crossed from German into English in the following century. The discipline's insistence on living somewhere for a year first came from Malinowski in the Trobriands, not from the word, which promises only writing about peoples.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → German scholarly coinage → English
First recorded
19th century

Same family

ethnicethnologyethnocentricgeography

In a sentence

Her ethnography of night-shift nurses ran to four hundred pages of notes before a line of it was written up.

He spent eighteen months in the village and refused to call the result an ethnography.

Built on the same root

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