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Medicine & BodyGreekEnglish

Dyspnea

/dɪspˈniːə/noun

Difficult or laboured breathing, the sensation of not getting enough air.

The Greek roots

δυσ-
dys-
bad, difficult
+
πνοή
pnoḗ
breathing, breath

Literally: hard breathing

The story of the word

The Hippocratic writers already used δύσπνοια for the patient who fights for breath. Greek had the exact mirror image, εὔπνοια, easy breathing, and physiologists still write eupnea for a normal resting pattern. The δυσ- prefix is the same one hiding in dyslexia and dysentery, and it never means simply 'not' but always 'badly'.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → English
First recorded
17th century

Same family

apneadyslexiapneumoniadysentery

In a sentence

He climbed one flight of stairs and the dyspnea was bad enough that he sat down on the landing.

Dyspnea on exertion was the first symptom she mentioned.

Built on the same root

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