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Asphalt

/ˈæsfɔlt/noun

A black bituminous substance mixed with gravel to surface roads.

The Greek roots

ἄσφαλτος
ásphaltos
bitumen, mineral pitch

Literally: the unslipping stuff

The story of the word

Greeks parsed their own word as ἀ- plus σφάλλω, to trip or throw down, giving something that will not let you fall, but that reads like an ancient guess and several scholars treat ἄσφαλτος as a loan from outside Greek. Herodotus watched Babylonians use hot bitumen as mortar in their walls. The word reached English in the fourteenth century for the pitch of the Dead Sea, which Latin geographers called Lacus Asphaltites; road surfacing is a nineteenth-century use, and the first asphalt street in America was laid in Newark in 1870.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Late Latin → Old French → English
First recorded
14th century

In a sentence

The asphalt was soft enough by noon to take a heel print.

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