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Ganglion

/ˈɡæŋɡliən/noun

A cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord, or a fluid-filled cyst on a tendon sheath.

The Greek roots

γάγγλιον
gánglion
knot, swelling

Literally: a knot under the skin

The story of the word

Greek doctors used the word for a lump beneath the skin, so the wrist cyst that surgeons still call a ganglion is the older sense, and the neurological one is Galen's extension. English kept both, which is why the same word can mean a relay station of the nervous system and a bump on the back of your hand. The traditional cure for the bump was to burst it with a heavy book, a treatment recorded in old texts as the Bible bump and no longer recommended.

How it travelled
Ancient Greek → Latin → English
First recorded
17th century

Same family

ganglionicganglioside

In a sentence

The shingles virus lies dormant in a nerve ganglion for decades.

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